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What Books Are In The Catholic Bible And Not Protestant

What Is The Apocrypha Or Deuterocanonical Books

Difference between Catholic and Protestant Bibles (7 Books) With Gary Michuta

Apocrypha and deuterocanonical are two common ways to describe the disputed books. In certain contexts, the terms are controversial because of their theological implications.

  • Apocrypha: The word apocrypha literally refers to things that are hidden but sometimes people use the word to convey information that is unorthodox or fictitious. In this sense, the word apocrypha is controversial when the connotation is the books dont have value.
  • Deuterocanonical: The word deuterocanonical literally means secondary canon. Canon, in this context, refers to an officially accepted collection of books. Deutero conveys that they do not have the same status as others books of the Bible.

Sometimes people who accept the books in question find the term Apocrypha offensive because the implication is that their content is false.

Sometimes, people who do not accept the disputed books find the term deuterocanonical offensive because they believe there is no secondary canon there is the officially accepted books of the Bible and then there is everything else.

Why Are Some Books Not In The Bible

The texts might only have been known to few people, or they might have been left out because their content does not fit well into that of the other books of the Bible . Some of the apocrypha were written at a later date, and were therefore not included. The first list is of books first written in Hebrew.

What Are The Apocryphal Books And Do They Belong In The Bible

The Apocrypha should not be considered Scripture because these books bear none of the marks of authority within them. Protestants reject the Apocrypha based on both internal and external evidence. Protestants hold to the 39 books of the Old Testament as inspired Scripture because there are no other books that need to be in the Old Testament.

If you grew up in an American Protestant context, you likely dont know much about the apocryphal books. They have been discussed in many ways over the centuries, and unlike some other books, theres continued disagreement about whether they are divinely inspired. Here is are the basics about the Apocrypha.

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Which Bible Has The Book Of Enoch

Enoch, the seventh patriarch in the book of Genesis, was the subject of abundant apocryphal literature, especially during the Hellenistic period of Judaism . At first revered only for his piety, he was later believed to be the recipient of secret knowledge from God.

Books Not In Protestant Bible

Why The Protestant Bible Has Fewer Books than the Catholic ...

Some Protestant Bibles print these books under the heading Apocrypha, not recognizing them as inspired in the same sense as the other Old Testament books. The Books of Daniel and Esther are slightly longer in Bibles used by members of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Catholic, and Orthodox Churches some Protestant Bibles print them under the heading Apocrypha, not recognizing them as inspired in the same sense as the other Old Testament books.

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Why Do Protestants Reject The Apocrypha Or Deuterocanonical Books

There are several reasons that Protestants reject the books in question. Some reasons are historical in nature and others are theological. Not all Protestants agree with every reason described below. Others would add many other arguments for rejecting the disputed books.

The theology found in the disputed books is contrary to the theology found in the 66 books of the Bible. Tobit 12:9 is an example of this because it teaches that a person can acquire salvation through financial offerings, For almsgiving saves from death and purges away every sin. Those who give alms will enjoy a full life.

Protestants believe that the Bible is very clear that Gods grace alone saves sinners.

For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing it is the gift of God, 9not a result of works, so that no one may boast.

Ephesians 2:8

Another theological conflict is the doctrine of purgatory. 2 Maccabees teaches the doctrine and practices associated with it, like praying for the dead and collecting financial offerings for the church so that the dead can be saved from sin .

O Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, hear now the prayer of the dead of Israel, and of their children, that have sinned before thee, and have not hearkened to the voice of the Lord their God, wherefore evils have cleaved fast to us.

Baruch 3:4

While the Hebrew Bible is organized into 22 books and the Christian Old Testament contains 39, they are the same writings just arranged differently.

Main Differences Between Catholic Bible And Protestant Bible

  • The Roman Catholic Bible consists of 73 books in the old testaments whereas the Protestant Bible contains only 66 books. The Catholic Bible accepts both Hebrew and Septuagint scriptures. Initially The Protestant Bible strictly prohibited from the non canonical Apocrypha from bein included whereas the modern versions including these are also in existence.
  • The Catholic Church has a pope, head of the church, and the Vatican city. The protestants dont believe in human beings being infallible and their only head of the church is Jesus.
  • The catholic believe that the bread and wine used in the mass form Jesuss body and blood. On the other hand, the Protestants see the drink and bread as a symbol of the blood and body of Jesus.
  • The Catholics doctrine of intercessory allows them to worship saints in addition to worshipping Jesus. It is similar to asking a member of the church to pray for the well-being of your family. They see it as praying through them rather than praying to the saints. Protestants dont believe in the veneration of saints but rather emphasize the direct connection between god and humans.
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    Evidence The Deuterocanon Should Be In The Bible

    Following are the strongest and most common reason Catholics cite that the Deuterocanon should be in the Bible.

    Jesus and the Apostles quoted and/or alluded to the Deuterocanon

    Yes they absolutely did

    but they also quoted other books of the day that no one considers to be Canon. Wikipedia has a whole article about Non-Cannon books referenced by the Bible. Like writers today, the Bible authors alluded to popular works of the day to make a point.

    The Bible references a LOT of different non-cannon works.

    David Erwert said in his Book A General Introduction to the Bible: From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translations:

    Nestles Greek NT lists some 132 NT passages that appear to be verbal allusions to paracononical books, but that that is the kind of thing we would expect. Writers living at a given period in history tend to reflect the current language of the day.

    Further, The New Testament writers also quote and reference a few Pagan books.

    This is not evidence of anything by itself. Its merely to say that just because the Bible quotes another book, that doesnt make the other book inspired.

    Its also worth noting that none of the references or allusions to the Deuterocanon are proceeded by As it is written or a similar statement. Again, this isnt evidence of anything per say, but it doesnt mean you cannot use quotes by Jesus or the Apostles to prove the authority of the Dueterocanon.

    Sage words indeed, and they apply here.

    Why?

    Why do we assume that?

    Why?

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    The omission of these books from the canon has been attributed to a number of factors, including their support for Catholic doctrines such as Purgatory and Prayer for the Dead found in 2 Maccabees, and the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1646, which effectively excluded them from the canon during the English Civil War.

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    Comparison Table Between Catholic Bible And Protestant Bible

    Parameters Of Comparison
    Roots and Origin It comprises the teachings and stories of Jesus Christ. It is a revised version of the Christian Bible produced by Martin Luther and the protestants.
    Number of books The bible consists of 73 books in the old testament and 27 books belonging to the new testament. The old testament consists of 66 books in the old testament and 27 in the new testament.
    Pope The pope of the Catholic Church is considered to be a Vicar of Christ. He is faithfully believed to be an unerring leader who heads the church and he also heads the Vatican city. The protestants strongly believe human beings cannot be infallible and always faithfully believe Jesus Christ as the head of the Church.
    Eucharist They have their doctrine of Transubstantiation which emphasise that the bread and drink used during the mass become the body and blood of Christ himself. They call it the Communion or Lords supper. It commemorates the death of Jesus and according to them, the bread and wine are symbols that signify the body and blood of Christ.
    Praying to Saints Their doctrine of intercessory saints emphasizes praying to holy men who passed away in addition to the worship of Christ. veneration according to them is praying through the saints rather than praying to them. They emphasize the freedom and possibility of humans having direct access and connection with God.

    United And Uniting Churches

    United and uniting churches are churches formed from the merger or other form of union of two or more different Protestant denominations.

    Historically, unions of Protestant churches were enforced by the state, usually in order to have a stricter control over the religious sphere of its people, but also other organizational reasons. As modern Christian ecumenism progresses, unions between various Protestant traditions are becoming more and more common, resulting in a growing number of united and uniting churches. Some of the recent major examples are the Church of North India , United Protestant Church of France and the Protestant Church in the Netherlands . As mainline Protestantism shrinks in Europe and North America due to the rise of secularism or in areas where Christianity is a minority religion as with the Indian subcontinent, ReformedAnglican and Lutheran denominations merge, often creating large nationwide denominations. The phenomenon is much less common among evangelical, nondenominational and charismatic churches as new ones arise and plenty of them remain independent of each other.

    Around the world, each united or uniting church comprises a different mix of predecessor Protestant denominations. Trends are visible, however, as most united and uniting churches have one or more predecessors with heritage in the Reformed tradition and many are members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.

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    Did Jesus Have A Wife

    She also featured prominently in the so-called Gnostic Gospels, a group of texts believed to have been written by early Christians as far back as the second century A.D., but not discovered until 1945, near the Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi.

    Why Do We Reject The Apocrypha As Canon

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    There are a number of reasons why different scholars have described the Apocrypha as not being part of the Scripture canon. Here are five of the clearest and simplest reasons:

    1. Not enough manuscript evidence. One important question scholars ask when analyzing the Scripture canon is if books have a line of tradition backing them. So, if we find these additions to Esther, Daniel, and the Psalms arent just in the Septuagint but in many or all of the earlier Hebrew copies of those books, then we could call the additions canonical. What we see instead is that those additions appear in the Septuagint, but not in earlier Hebrew copies of Esther, Daniel, or the Psalms. Thus, we dont have the manuscript evidence to make good historical cases for these additions as Scripture.

    2. The canon was closed already. While scholars debate when exactly the Jews considered the Old Testament to be closed, theres consensus that they believed at some juncture prophecy stopped, and the apocryphal books were written after that period. For example, when Jewish historian Josephus talks about the Hebrew Bible in Against Apion, he says Although such long ages have now passed, no one has ventured neither to add, or to remove, or to alter a syllable. Neither he nor his contemporaries include apocryphal books in their lists or descriptions of the Old Testament canon. For them, the Apocrypha were interesting books, but not divinely inspired.

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    Why Did Martin Luther Change The Bible

    While he was sequestered in the Wartburg Castle Luther began to translate the New Testament from Greek into German in order to make it more accessible to all the people of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. He translated from the Greek text, using Erasmus second edition of the Greek New

    What Books Comprise The Apocrypha Or Deuterocanonical Books

    Some historians and theologians state there are 13 books in question, yet others say there are only seven. A few argue that there are 12. These are simply different ways to describe the same collection of literature.

    Seven of the disputed writings are stand-alone books, while the other six are additions to canonical books . Those who state there are 13 books are counting additions, like an added chapter, as a book.

    • Tobit
    • Additions to Esther
    • Additions to Daniel

    Did Jews in the Old Testament era accept these books? No. The Hebrew Bible never contained these writings.

    What is the Septuagint? The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Old Testament completed in Egypt in the third century before Christ. The prefix sept alludes to the legend that 70 scholars worked to complete the translation. The Septuagint contains the disputed books.

    Did the early church accept these books? No. The first Christians rejected the books in question.

    Who was the first to include the books in the Bible? In one sense, the translators of the Septuagint were, when they included the books in their Greek translation of the Old Testament.

    In the second century, the translators of the Latin Bible included the books. Jerome included them in his translation of the Bible, called the Vulgate, at Augustines insistence, but he assigned them a secondary status.

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    Influence Of The Septuagint

    Deuterocanonical and Apocryphal books included in the Septuagint

    Psalms of Solomon

    The large majority of Old Testament references in the New Testament are taken from the Koine Greek , editions of which include the deuterocanonical books, as well as apocrypha both of which are called collectively anagignoskomena . No two Septuagint codices contain the same apocrypha, and the three earliest manuscripts of the LXX show uncertainty as to which books constitute the complete list of biblical books. Codex Vaticanus lacks any of the books of Maccabees, while Codex Sinaiticus omits Baruch and the letter of Jeremiah, but includes 1 and 4 Maccabees.Codex Alexandrinus includes the Psalms of Solomon and Maccabees 14. All three codices include Psalm 151 in addition to the canonical 150 Psalms and all three codices include Greek Esdras as ‘Esdras A’, with the canonical EzraNehemiah counted as ‘Esdras B’.

    Greek Psalm manuscripts from the fifth century contain three New Testament “psalms”: the Magnificat, the Benedictus, the Nunc dimittis from Luke’s birth narrative, and the conclusion of the hymn that begins with the “Gloria in Excelsis”. Beckwith states that manuscripts of anything like the capacity of Codex Alexandrinus were not used in the first centuries of the Christian era, and believes that the comprehensive codices of the Septuagint, which start appearing in the fourth century AD, are all of Christian origin.

    What 7 Books Were Removed From The Bible

    WHY PROTESTANTS REMOVED 7 BOOKS FROM THE BIBLE!!! | The Deuterocanonical Old Testament Scripture!

    1 Esdras, 2 Esdras, Book of Tobit, Book of Susanna, Additions to Esther, Book of Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, The Epistle of Jeremiah, The Prayer of Azariah, Bel and the Dragon, Prayer of Manasses, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, Book of Enoch, Book of Jubilees, Gospel of John, Ecclesiasticus,

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    Why Was The Book Of Enoch Removed From The Bible Catholic

    The Book of Enoch was considered as scripture in the Epistle of Barnabas and by many of the early Church Fathers, such as Athenagoras, Clement of Alexandria, Irenaeus and Tertullian, who wrote c. 200 that the Book of Enoch had been rejected by the Jews because it contained prophecies pertaining to Christ.

    Catholic Bible Vs Protestant Bible

    The difference between these two Bibles is how they came into existence. Roman Catholic Church came into existence and practice with the teachings of Jesus Christ who lived in the 1 st century CE. Controversies lead to the Reformation in 1517. Martin Luther, a German monk protested the Catholic Church, which eventually sowed seeds for Reformation, and his followers are called protestants and they followed Protestantism.

    The most significant factor that differs between both the bibles is the number of books included in the old-testament. The Catholic Bible comprises 73 books including the Apocrypha which signifies the hidden private books that are not meant to be accessed by the public. Apocrypha occurs in the Septuagint, which is a Greek version of the old testament.

    The Protestant Bible is the revised and transcripted version of the Christian Bible formulated by the Protestants. It includes and accepts only the scriptures that are strictly in Hebrew. Protestant Bible contains 66 books in total out of which 39 books are of the old testaments and 27 books from the new testament.

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